整理自：Potassium homeostasis and management of dyskalemia in kidney diseases: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference (Kidney International (2020) 97, 42–61)
高血鉀(Hyperkalemia)在慢性腎臟病(Chronic kidney disease, CKD)常見的原因：
- 鉀離子細胞間的移動失衡
- 鉀離子排除障礙
- 鉀離子的慢性累積
- Aldosterone 失調 (Aldosterone activates epithelial Na channels, leading to Na retention and also reducing plasma K concentration)
- Gitelman syndrome and pseudo-hypoaldosteronism type 2 (又名家族性高鉀血症或戈登症候群)
當看到一個CKD病人高血鉀報告時，可以這樣思考：
